ChinaFocus:Top10Chinese,globalscientificadvancesfor2023unveiled_GuangmingOnlineBEIJING,Jan.11(Xinhua)--ChinaonThursdayunveiledalistofthecountry'sandglobaltop10scientificadvancesfor2023,respectively,whichwereselectedbymembersoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS)andmembersoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering(CAE).AcademiciansfromtheCASandCAEholdChina'shighestnationalacademictitlesinscienceandengineering.Onthenationallist,China'sprogressinspaceexplorationstoodout.Shenzhou-16completedthefirstcrewedmissionoftheapplicationanddevelopmentstageofChina'sspacestation.Thecrew,whichremainedinorbitfor154days,carriedoutatotalof70spaceexperimentsinareasofaerospacemedicine,lifeecology,biotechnology,materialscience,fluidphysics,fluidmechanics,andaerospacetechnology,aswellaseightengineeringstudiesinvolvinghuman-factors,obtainingawealthofexperimentaldata.China'sMartianprobefoundcluesaboutthegeologicalandclimatechangesthattheplanetunderwentabout400,000yearsago.ThefindingssuggestedthatthesouthernUtopianPlainoftheredplanetprobablyexperiencedachangeinclimatemarkedbyawinddirectionchange,coincidingwiththeendoftheMarsiceage.Also,thecountry'sFASTtelescopeidentifiedkeyevidencefortheexistenceofnanohertzgravitationalwaves,whichcanhelpsolvepuzzlesinsupermassiveblackholes,thehistoryofgalaxymergers,andtheformationoflarge-scalestructuresintheuniverse.Usingtheworld'slargestsingle-dishandmostsensitiveradiotelescope,thescientistsmonitored57-millisecondpulsarswithregularcadencefor41monthsanddiscoveredquadrupolecorrelationsignaturescompatiblewiththepredictionofnanohertzgravitationalwavesata4.6-sigmastatisticalconfidencelevel.Toutilizemorecleanenergy,ChinahasmadeamilestoneadvanceinitsefforttobuildasolarpowerstationinspacetoconvertthesunlightinouterspaceintoanelectricalsupplytodrivethesatellitesinorbitortransmitpowerbacktotheEarth.AChineseresearchteamhaswrappeduptheworld'sfirstfull-chain,system-widegroundverificationforspacesolarpowerstations,displayingmultiplekeyknow-howforthefuturisticprojectknownasZhuriorchasingthesun.China'shome-grownnuclearpowerfacilitiesalsostolethelimelight.Theworld'sfirstfourth-generationnuclearpowerplant,China'sShidaowanhigh-temperaturegas-cooledreactor(HTGR)nuclearpowerplant,hasofficiallygoneintocommercialoperation.Thereactorcanmaintainasafestateandsteerawayfromameltdownorleakofradioactivematerials.Thiscapabilityismaintainedevenintheeventofacompletelossofcoolingcapacity,withoutanyinterventionactions.Inthefieldofagriculture,ateaminChinafoundakeygeneinacropthatmight,viageneticengineering,substantiallyimprovecropyieldsinalkalinesoil.Thebreakthroughinagriculturecouldincreasetheproductionofcrops,includingriceandmaize,byatleast250milliontonnesshouldthenewlyidentifiedgenebeappliedto20percentofglobalunder-utilizedsalineandalkalinesoil.Theconstructionofan11,100-meterdeepwellforgeologicalresearch,theworld'sfastesttwo-dimensionaltransistorswiththelowestenergyconsumption,thefirstdiscoveryofsuperconductivitynear80Kinanickelate,andthestructuralbasisofmammal'sodorantperceptionarealsoincludedinthecountry'sscientificadvanceslastyear.Inthegloballandscapeofbreakthroughs,thelaunchofGPT-4andAI-generatedproteinshighlightedthetechtrendofartificialintelligence.Themappingofinsects'brainsandcelltypesacrosstheadulthumanbrain,theworld'sfirsteyetransplantsurgery,andadrafthumanpangenomereferencewereselectedintotheworld'sadvancesinthefieldofbiology.Theoperationoftheworld'slargestexperimentalnuclearfusionreactor,thesmallestparticleaccelerator,thesingle-atomX-raydetection,andtheenergysupplytoEarthfromsatelliterankedamongtheglobaltop10in2023.Thisyear'slististhe30thannualeventofitskind.Theeventhasgainedwidespreadmediaattentionathomeandabroadandhelpstopromotetheunderstandingofscienceandtechnologyamongthepublic.Editor:DisclaimerTheviewsandopinionsexpressedinthisarticlearethoseoftheauthor's,GMW.cnmakesnorepresentationsastoaccuracy,suitability,orvalidityofanyinformationonthissiteandwillnotbeliableforanyerrors,omissions,ordelaysinthisinformation.